Structural analysis of AGPs extracted from various plant organs from various plant species revealed that heavy glycosylation of AGPs mainly consists of arabinose (Ara-) and galactose (Gal-) rich polysaccharide side chains attached to the AGP core protein. Extensive glycosylation of AGPs beginning in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus is related to the occurrence of specific glycosyltransferases. The protein moiety constitutes a maximum of 10% of the total AGP molecule, and it is predominantly made of carbohydrate chains. First, AGPs are structural proteins belonging to hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), which represent one of the most frequently post-translationally modified groups of proteins. In line with the existing knowledge, our data confirmed the typical carbohydrate composition of AGPs and may be the basis for studies regarding their presumed properties of binding calcium ions.Īrabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), i.e., elements of the plant extracellular matrix localised between the cell wall and plasma membrane, are characterised by several extraordinary properties. Taken together, our results show that the structural and morphological properties of AGPs and calcium concentration in AGPs are related to the progress of ripening, which is correlated with proper fruit cell wall assembly. The protein moiety accounts for 3.15–4.58%, which depends on the various phases of ripening. We have found that AGPs from fruit mainly consists of carbohydrate chains composed predominantly of arabinose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and xylose. The HPLC and colorimetric methods were used for analyses of the composition of monosaccharides and proteins in AGPs extracted from fruit. The results were obtained from in and ex situ investigations and a comparative analysis of AGPs present in Malus × domestica fruit at different stages of ripening from green fruit through the mature stage to over-ripening during fruit storage. The aim of the study was to characterise AGPs contained in fruit by determination of their chemical structure and morphological properties. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are constituents of the cell wall–plasma membrane continuum in fruit tissue.
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